NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company calculates the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments and includes additional information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of other receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and payables to licensor approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments.

U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. This guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

The Company has segregated all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date in the table below.

The following table provides a summary of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE, ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED ON RECURRING AND NON-RECURRING BASIS

Warrant Liabilities

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had outstanding warrant liabilities related to the 2022 private placement that allow the holders to purchase 7,609,879 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.75 per share. The expiration date for these warrant liabilities is November 2027. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had outstanding warrant liabilities related to the 2021 public offering that allow the holders to purchase 1,788,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.75 per share. The expiration date for these warrant liabilities is December 2026. The common stock warrants are not indexed to the Company’s own stock and therefore have been classified as liabilities at their estimated fair value. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrant liabilities is recorded as changes in fair value of warrant liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides a summary of the activity on the warrant liabilities (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITY OF WARRANT LIABILITIES

The warrant liabilities are valued using significant inputs not observable in the market. Accordingly, the warrant liability is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs and are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 are sensitive to changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value and such changes could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value. The Company’s valuation of the common stock warrants utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporated assumptions and estimates to value the common stock warrants. The Company assessed these assumptions and estimates at the end of each reporting period.

Assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the warrants in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model are as follows:

 SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATE FAIR VALUE OF WARRANTS